Breathing in micro- and nanoplastic particles released from car tyres in traffic can trigger an immune response, according to new POLYRISK research.
The study, published in Environmental International, found that higher levels of rubber particles in the air were linked to an increase in white blood cells in healthy people, an indicator that the body’s immune system is responding to these substances. Repeated exposure to these particles could lead to more serious health concerns particularly in people who are already more vulnerable.
Plastic particles and air pollution
Micro- and nanoplastics are abundant in our environment. One big contributor is small rubber particles that are released into the air as tyres from cars and trucks wear down while driving. These particles contribute to a complex mix of airborne traffic-related air pollution, which we are exposed to when cycling or walking next to a busy road.
Researchers at the Utrecht University exposed 23 healthy young adults to three environments with different levels of traffic-related pollution: an urban park, a highway with continuous traffic, and a stop-and-go traffic location. They collected and analysed blood samples, as well as lung function and respiratory symptom measurements. They also measured air pollutants, including synthetic and natural rubber particles.
Pollution and immune response
POLYRISK researchers found that short term exposure to these rubber particles is linked with increases in white blood cell counts in healthy young adults, suggesting that these particles are not just an environmental concern, but could also impact the immune system. They did not find any effects on respiratory health, such as lung function, within these healthy young adults.
“This is one of the first studies looking at the effects of traffic-related microplastics on healthy people’s immune systems. It represents an important step forward in understanding how microplastic exposure in our daily life can affect our health,” says Esther Lenssen, PHD researcher at Utrecht University and first author of the study.